It discusses the fundamentals of OSINT support to both the all-source intelligence process, and to the unclassified intelligence requirements of operators, logisticians, and civilian organizations participating in joint and coalition operations.
The focus is on relevant information that can be obtained legally and ethically from the public and private sector, and that is not classified in its origin or processing. The information may become classified in relation to the commander's intent or its association with classified information when it is rightly blended into all-source intelligence reports.
There are no reviews yet. Be the first one to write a review. It would be sensible to log off and on again a number of times during a sensitive There is one thing that may identify your search. When you surf, the Although an ISP may provide you with a date and time of your PC is stamped on the new signature, part of that signature will search as part of the electronic signature. If identify the ISP. If your organization is this does not match your ISP time it may large and has its own ISP this will identify indicate that you are trying to hide your organization.
It is always better to go something, so make sure your PCs time is through a civilian ISP whenever possible. Traffic analysis Every web site has the capability to log the identify interest, for example an obscure number of visitors to its site and the terrorist related site.
Whilst you may be able to hide your identity, you The way to combat this is to ensure that cannot hide the fact that you have visited the trained personnel, in a central location do all site. If the number of visitors to a sensitive searches. This will ensure that significant site increases dramatically then searches are done quickly and without this may be an indicator that there is new or repetition. The security education of all renewed interest in the subject of the site.
In most cases it is beneficial to web. This will be less publicly explain who you are and ask for help or embarrassing later and will make an information.
There may be other occasions explanation of your action more reasonable. An anonymous persona should only be used The reasons for this must be decided on a for occasional requests for information.
It is reasonably easy to Any development of a relationship using the create an anonymous persona on the web but Internet should be discouraged. This is the the following points should be noted. As intelligence channels in order to locate and exploit the best sources of information relevant to an intelligence problem and engage them in a meaningful exchange. While the Distance Learning degree of complexity will vary depending Link Tables upon the intelligence requirement, those four elements will all remain applicable.
In the traditional classified OSINT relies upon outward engagement intelligence process, reports are the end of beyond the institutional confines of the the process—in the OSINT process; they are intelligence staffs. Engagement is essential the beginning, one of four key elements in to the successful exploitation of open the interactive and consumer-oriented sources.
Reports In Chapter One, a distinction was drawn deliberated discovered, discriminated, between OSIF, data that has been collated distilled, and disseminated to a specific together and is of generic interest, and consumer in order to answer a specific usually broadcast or widely disseminated intelligence need.
Text-based products can be This is value-added expertise from a trained stored and disseminated easily by electronic NATO professional who has first screened means. Each section should in turn have Reports should always show, on the first a short summary, no more than a paragraph page, the date and hour at which collection in length.
Reports can be organized by source simply strung together. They Within each section or linked to each should always identify the author and if section summary if done in a web-based appropriate the reviewer of the Report, and format should be between one and five key provide complete contact information so that items of raw information—whether a readers may quickly ask follow-up questions transcript from a news conference, or a wire of the originator.
By some accounts, any one requesting a report. Table 5 - Example of Internet Link Table many free and some by subscription, where such as is illustrated In Table 5 above.
By search engines are simply ineffective. Over time, as various identification and analysis of open sources NATO components cooperate and share relevant to the information requirement.
For Link Tables with other allies forces such as this reason, a major aspect of the OSINT the various regional Joint Intelligence support process is the skilled creation of Centers, a very comprehensive directory of Internet Link Tables that serve as a ready web resources, one that is tailored to reference for the commander or staff officer NATO's needs, should emerge.
Distance Learning The Internet, while rendering a major the world, has also reduced the productivity service to those who would like to share of even experienced personnel.
For this reason, there is an urgent need for Distance Learning modules on all countries and topics that are of interest to NATO. The objective is to ensure that all new personnel, and especially new action officers, have an online resource that can serve as a sophisticated turnover file and reference point. This is also a place where unclassified biographic information can be made available, and where annual reviews of each country or topic can be placed.
The U. Pacific command initiative known as the Virtual Information Center is an good example of this process. First, while it own newsletters, calendars, and automated is possible to register anonymously for a email alerts whenever new information is forum, the greatest value comes from an posted. One of the most popular is the Alta open registration that includes a photo, Vista Forum.
One of the newest, with biographic note, and complete contact powerful security features, is offered by information. Second, the forum will quickly Groove Inc. The to peer" edge units. Once experts apply visualization or other technologies to have been identified, they may be invited to the varied contents of a forum—each item join the Expert Forum sponsored by any must be copied down to a master database NATO element.
This should be done with first. Such best of all worlds will be available: a forum can also be a place where individual distributed experts able to cast a wide net, experts "audition" for short-term consulting and a centralized "banking" function for contracts and where the biographies of information freely contributed by various available efforts can be made available for parties.
Third, the forum permits the rapid anonymous review by potential NATO organization of private working groups, and employers. Fourth and last, the posted to a topic of interest to them, forums can provide an automatic email alert relieving them of the need to constantly to any member whenever new information is check the forum site. These new challenges deems appropriate, without having to include non-traditional non-military request security or political clearances.
OSINT has and a common understanding of the shared become even more valuable in the 21st area of operations. Century, as there has been a major change in the over-all C4I paradigm.
A VPN is a restricted are based on the security policies of the community of interest that communicates on organization producing it. While some the Internet but use security safeguards to OSINT products may be shared openly, limit the access from others who are not others may provide details of interests or members.
The dissemination working links directly to the original source policy should be driven by the mission material. Link tables can also be maintained requirements. The approach should that enables the rapid collection of nonetheless be flexible to fully leverage the information. The as mission requirements demand. While there is much still to of organization and equipment specifically learn from those member nations that earmarked for OSINT.
It is helpful, in adopted OSINT as an independent discipline contemplating this activity, to understand in the 's, as well as from the emerging that there is a substantial but still fragmented business intelligence community such as community of interests with whom NATO represented by the Society of Competitive could co-develop many OSINT initiatives. Intelligence Professionals at www.
In this fashion, NATO intelligence could benefit from a greater OSINT effort that cuts across bureaucratic and cultural boundaries, and leads to improved cost efficiencies and new forms of information sharing. OSINT can and the traditional collection disciplines, and all- should be integrated into every aspect of the source analysis is shown in Figure Both begin with intelligence needs of NATO intelligence staffs provides other that lead to the generation of intelligence options.
The approaches diverge at that point. While nations may use OSINT to The new Strategic Concept articulated a guide classified collection, NATO rarely has vision for the Alliance that is largely classified collection means beyond the focused on non-traditional operating areas tactical level and those assets are largely and transnational threats.
The intelligence restricted to theatres in which forces are services of the NATO member countries are already deployed. These areas and interests, NATO commands can use OSINT-V to while not well covered by traditional satisfy intelligence gaps for a large number intelligence production are well addressed in of its intelligence needs.
While nations are open sources. No longer are open sources. An OSINT process should intelligence staffs in a position to regulate include the provision of validated the flow of relevant information to the information sources for each issue that commander or his staff. Virtually all affects the command. Knowledge of other information sources is an essential those sources routinely consulted by the OSINT product.
While not always the case, this statement generally Rather than attempting to stem the use of holds true. With an appreciation for what is open sources by the commander or his staff, widely known, intelligence users will tend to an effective OSINT effort facilitates it. In that case informed discovery of an issue or providing context RFIs can be expected.
If there is no with which to understand issues. This capability can provide. Open sources strategy, the selection of the collection have typically been referred to as collateral sources and the actual information reporting.
In fact, all single source collection. Open sources should be the first intelligence disciplines refer to information recourse in the collection process. OSINT provided by another intelligence discipline saves money in reducing unnecessary as collateral reporting.
In a NATO context, it saves time as RFIs to nations require However, when this collateral reporting is sufficient lead-time for them to be properly maintained with a systematic disciplined addressed. Instead of being acquired once and the costs pale in comparison to those of the used by one intelligence element, it is classified collection disciplines.
If open acquired once and applied across a broader sources can be collected to produce an range of the intelligence process from OSINT product that addresses completely or streamlining collection to increasing to a large degree the intelligence need, dissemination.
NATO has no collected from classified sources, and; tasking authority over national intelligence providing plausible cover to protect the collection capabilities. Its reliance upon classified source. The reduction in the classified collection sources overall number of denied areas since the end of demand upon limited collection the Cold War and the advent of cheap resources decreases. This permits international transportation options have concentration of effort on those issues enabled greater media access than ever that can only be discovered through before.
While traditional print and ability to use the classified collection broadcast media are restricted in the products to validate the OSINT amount of information that they can products. Non-traditional sources of situation.
While prone to disinformation, information from open sources can this is another source of information that provide an understanding of the cargo must be evaluated like all others. Those that the port handles or the schedule of who witness an event and publish on- the ship. Similarly, UN reporting on line or forward emails to their agriculture production shortfalls in a communities of interest can provide the particular country will give insight into first indication of an event even before population movements detected with media publication.
Plausible Cover. This also has applicability to the staffing of requests for the sanitation of classified reporting. This ultimately increases the ability of Figure 20 - Commercial imagery of San Diego intelligence staffs to release intelligence naval base information to non-NATO elements within missions.
Processing The objective of intelligence processing is audience but validated by the all-source the creation of an intelligence product that is process. During actual operations, the need value-added, actionable information tailored to disseminate to non-NATO elements to a specific user.
All-source analysis with includes not only their operational forces, its fusion of all relevant and validated but also their political liaison elements at sources of information remains the best NATO headquarters in Brussels. In most cases, NATO will serve as one element of an international crisis response.
The processing of intelligence products to support the information needs of both the NATO-led force and the international response elements is greatly enhanced with a robust OSINT capability. Figure 21 - Nature of international operations Intelligence products can be prepared with a The maintenance of information sources that tear-line — classified intelligence restricted in its dissemination above the line and can be disseminated outside of NATO channels can often prove essential to both sanitized information that can be more broadly disseminated below the line.
This intelligence product the wider is its uses. If enables ready access to the original source decision-makers are able to leave their material, direct interaction with other related offices with an intelligence product, it is open sources and access to other OSINT more likely that it will receive undisturbed producers. OSINT products provide the means to place high quality low- The dissemination of OSINT products as classification or unclassified products in the stand-alone intelligence products on hands of intelligence users.
This is only classified systems should also be possible if they are disseminated on systems encouraged. OSINT as either stand alone typically used to deliver other forms of products or as collateral reporting adds to intelligence. Intelligence staffs at all levels should be able The objectives of a robust OSINT capability to benefit from the effort put into their should be to increase the range of production. It is rare that all subordinate information available to intelligence users commands will have access to every and to facilitate interaction with non-NATO intelligence system.
Thus, efforts should be elements as appropriate. The dissemination made to ensure that products are available options developed should seek to achieve on all intelligence dissemination systems as these two objectives.
This publication is regularly updated with the best resources available to guide in the use search strategies and tools to exploit open sources available on the Internet. The Open Source Intelligence Proceedings include over 5, pages from over international authorities including the then Director General of the International Red Cross and many other European and Asian experts, and comprise the "information commons" on the state of the art for open source intelligence.
One tends to uncritically relate new information to past or current dominant concerns. Prematurely Formed Views: These spring from a desire for simplicity and stability, and lead to premature closure in the consideration of a problem. Presumption that Support for One Hypothesis Disconfirms Others: Evidence that is consistent with one's preexisting beliefs is allowed to disconfirm other views. Rapid closure in the consideration of an issue is a problem. Inappropriate Analogies: Perception that an event is analogous to past events based on inadequate consideration of concepts or facts or irrelevant criteria.
Bias of "Representativeness". Superficial Lessons From History: Uncritical analysis of concepts or event, superficial causality, over- generalization of obvious factors, inappropriate extrapolation from past success or failure. Presumption of Unitary Action by Organizations: Perception that behavior of others is more planned, centralized, and coordinated than it really is. Oscobo : Based in UK. Gigablast : Open source search engine.
Gibiru : Uncensored and anonymous search engine. Privado Meta search engines Excite Search MetaGer Zapmeta etools : Compile its results from major international search engines, keep user privacy by not collecting or sharing personal information of its users.
This search engine is very fast and show a summary for each search query -on the right side- detailing the source of its results. All the interne : query major search engines including shopping site like Amazon and eBay.
Metacrawler : Aggregate results from Google and Yahoo!. Flickr Hive Mind : Data mining tool for the Flickr database of photography. Pinterest There are specialized sites that hold images appeared in the press and news media, to search for this type of images go to: Gettyimages : Contains images from news, entertainment, fashion, sports and archival imagery.
It uses visual search technology to recognize uploaded picture and give instant results about it like related images, local shopping results and a vast selection of web results. Genre Technology. This book was published in , but a lot of the material presented is still relevant.
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